This video analyses the nature of attention in perspective of Educationa Psychology mainly for the students of English Literature and Psychology. For better understanding this video is with hard coded English subtitles. The General Nature of Attention
—always present in conscious life and common to all types of mental activity—knowing, feeling, and willing
—primary pre-condition of them all
—a characteristic of all conscious life
—but more essentially cognitive
—concentration of consciousness upon one object rather than another
—heart of the conscious process
—to attend to an object means to be aware of it more keenly and intensely than of anything else, to hold it in the focus of consciousness
—consciousness is a wider field and includes that of attention
—we attend only to a part of the field of consciousness, the rest is not attended to
—thus—two fields: attention (reading a book) and inattention (a large number of objects)
—objects near the lamp are seen more clearly and distinctly—others seen dimly and vaguely
—but though attention is the core of consciousness, it is not an end in itself
—attention is for the sake of an attitude of readiness or preparedness for action (military: ‘attention’; referee: ‘Ready’)
Marks of the Attention Process
1st—attention is not a fixed state nor a faculty or power of mind—an activity, a growing process and like every mental act it cannot be centred round any one object for a long time
—constantly shifting from one object to another
2nd—process of attention has all the three aspects of conscious life, knowing, feeling and willing
—attention is cognitive, conative and affective
3rd—attention is selective
—more attention to advantaged stimuli—others ignored
—some aspects of one object are attended more carefully and clearly than some others
—attention represents a narrow field and is selective
—most of our achievements in life are due mainly to this selection
The Importance of Attention
—attention is a preparatory attitude and involves important physical adjustment
1st—attention increases efficiency
—‘Ready’ prepares to respond to ‘Go’
2nd—attention greatly improves sensory discrimination
—attention is very helpful to remembering
—carefully attended experiences are remembered more accurately and fully—cursorily attended ones are soon forgotten
Conditions of Attention
— 2 kinds—objective and subjective
Objective
—found in the objects
—intensity of a stimulus
—(01) size—the bigger the more it will draw attention (advertisement in large poster)
—(02) change—gradual but sudden (clock ticking—no attention; stops—attention)
—(03) repetition—secures attention
—(04) novelty and contrast—familiarity detracts attention (household objects—no attention)
Subjective
—lies within the person
—interest—interest and attention go hand in hand
—means making a difference
—interested in objects because they make a difference
—has more enduring and persistent quality that attention lacks
—what one will do—what one can do
—(1) cognitive (2) affective
—interest in history—means one enjoys studying it, attending to facts and movements
historical
—attention and interest—are inseparable—develop simultaneously
—Education—lays stress on stable and enduring aspects of experience
—teaching efforts—develop to securing interest rather than attention
Sources of Interest
—primary source—native desires and urges, instincts, primary needs and motives
—from birth—interested in certain things that satisfy their natural desires and needs
—chicken in pecking
—the wasp in mudhouse building
—the birds in nests
—infants in bright moving objects
—growing-up children in games and sports
—a thirsty man in water
mother—deaf to the noises but alive to any sound from another room
sleeping in
—children—stories (natural and strong)
—drive—an urge to push from within (has no direction)
—a motive—a drive which through learning has acquired a direction through aims and
objects, goals and purposes
—these motives are springs of interest
Psychological needs—security/affection/recognition/new experiences/self-actualization
library—a professor—selects books
—a confectioner—heavy books for packets
—a book seller—how much profit
—a child—brightly coloured covers/nice pictures
—such differences in attention and behaviour are due to differences in acquired interests
—sentiments and complexes—patriotism—welfare of the country
—if in love—unable to find faults
—inferiority complex—mistakes/weaknesses/faults of others (no accomplishes)
attitude and mood of the moment—friendly attitude—good points
—in mood to worry—feeling of imaginary dangers
Thanks for watching.
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[For better understanding and improving English the hard coded English subtitles have also been added.]
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