Synthetic Fibres and Plastics || Science class 8 chapter 3 PART2

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Rayon is a versatile fibre and can imitate the feel and texture of silk, wool, cotton and linen with drape and slipperiness akin to nylon.

Why Rayon is called artificial silk?

Rayon resembles silk in appearance, texture and shine. Hence, it is also known as Artificial Silk.

Silk fibre was discovered in China and made from silkworms. It had a beautiful texture and was very costly. By the end of the 19thcentury, scientists managed to make an artificial silk-like fibre made by treating wood pulp chemically.

Uses of Rayon

This man-made fibre uses natural material (wood pulp) and can be woven like silk fibre. It is cheaper than silk and can be dyed in a variety of colours. It can be:

Make apparels like suits, slacks, jackets etc.

Make automobile tyre cords (because of its strength)

Mixed with cotton to make bedsheets and bedspreads

Mixed with wool to make carpets and blankets

Used to make other home furnishings, such as curtains and tablecloths

Nylon

Nylon is the first synthetic fibre to be prepared without using any natural raw materials (materials produced by plants and animals).

Which properties make Nylon suitable for:

Making Ropes used for Rock Climbing:Strong fibre, Lightweight, Weather Resistant

Making Fishing Nets: Strong, Elastic, Water Resistant

Making Tents: Strong, Light, Does Not Absorb Much Water, Dries Quickly

Uses of Nylon

Developed in 1931, this thermoplastic silky material is strong, elastic, light, lustrous and easy to wash. A nylon thread is, in fact, stronger than a steel wire. Hence, it is used to:

Make clothes (including socks)

Make parachutes as well as ropes for rock climbing

Make ropes, toothbrushes, and car seat belts etc.

Make tents, curtains, and sleeping bags

Polyester



Polyester fibre does not get wrinkled easily. Hence, a fabric made from this fibre is easy to wash and does not need to be ironed - which makes it suitable for dress material.

Polyester is made up of two words - 'poly' which means many, and 'ester' which is a chemical.

Esters are chemicals which give fruits their smell.

Name some types of Polyester fibres.

Some popular polyester fibres are:

Terylene (often known by brand name Dacron) which can be drawn into a very fine fibre and can be woven like any other yarn.

Polyethylene terephthalate (P.E.T.) is used for making wires, films, bottles, utensils and other products.

What are blended fibres? Give some examples.

Blended fibres are formed by mixing natural and synthetic fibres. Polyester is often used in blended fibres. For Example,

Polywool is made by mixing polyester and wool.

Polycot is made my mixing polyester and cotton.

Terrycot is made by mixing Terylene and cotton.

Uses of Polyester

Since polyester is strong, wrinkle-resistant and water-resistant, it has several uses. It can be used to:

Make a variety of textiles (including sarees, curtains, dress materials etc.) and can be blended with natural fibres (like cotton and wool)

Make films, magnetic recording tapes, etc (as Mylar)

Make sails of sailboats

Make water hoses for firefighting purposes




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The LEARNER,synthetic fibres and plastics,uses of rayon,uses of rayon fiber,aracteristics ... 35 PLAY ALL CBSE Science,8th Class,Chapter 3,SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND PLASTICS,8:52 Chemistry Synthetic Fibers & Plastics Part 1 (Natural Fibers) Class 8 VIII,