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Heredity is a process of transmission of traits from parents to their offspring either via asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. These characteristics or traits are located on the chromosomes in the form of genes.
Gregor Johann Mendel is the Father of Genetics. Mendel proposed three laws after his experiments on the sweet pea plant (Pisum sativum).
1. Law of dominance- The effect of the recessive allele is masked by the dominant allele. Only the dominant allele expresses its phenotype.
For example: “Allele for tallness is dominant over the allele for dwarfism”.
2. Law of segregation of genes- Each individual possesses two alleles of a gene and each allele separates or segregates at the time of meiosis, that is, during the formation of gametes. The monohybrid cross (cross of a single trait) was used to explain the law of segregation of genes.
3. Law of independent assortment – It states that alleles for separate traits are passed independently from parents to the offspring. Mendel used a dihybrid (cross of two different traits) cross in order to explain independent assortment.
In this session, Dr. Sachin Kapur Sir introduces the students to Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.
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